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Defination
A machine for moving a liquid, such as water, by accelerating it radially outward in an impeller to a surrounding volute casing.
A Centrifugal pump have a high-speed rotating impeller whose blades throw the water outwards.

## The energy usage in a pumping installation is determined by the flow required, the height lifted and the length and friction characteristics of the pipeline. The power required to drive a pump (Pi), is defined simply using SI units by

$P_i= \cfrac{\rho\ g\ H\ Q}{\eta}$

where:
Pi is the input power required (W)
ρ is the fluid density (kg/m3)
g is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s2)
Q is the flow rate (m3/s)
η is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal

### Pump Efficiency

Pump efficiency, η (%) is a measure of the efficiency with wich the pump transfers useful work to the fluid.
η = Pin/Pout   (2)
where
η = efficiency (%)
Pin = power input
Pout = power output

• Total Static Head -  Total head when the pump is not running
• Static Suction Head - Head on the suction side, with pump off, if the head is higher than the pump impeller
• Static Suction Lift - Head on the suction side, with pump off, if the head is lower than the pump impeller
• Static Discharge Head - Head on discharge side of pump with the pump off
• Dynamic Suction Head/Lift - Head on suction side of pump with pump on
• Dynamic Discharge Head - Head on discharge side of pump with pump on

## Problems of centrifugal pumps

• Cavitation—the NPSH of the system is too low for the selected pump
• Wear of the Impeller—can be worsened by suspended solids
• Corrosion inside the pump- caused by the fluid properties
• Overheating due to low flow
• Leakage along rotating shaft
• Lack of prime—centrifugal pumps must be filled (with the fluid to be pumped) in order to operate
• Surge

1. Fluid sucked trough impeller eye and discharge @ 90 degree angle

2. Centrifugal pumps, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbo machinery. Centrifugal pumps are used to transport liquids/fluids by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy to the hydro dynamics energy of the liquid flow.

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